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11.8 million to lose health insurance under Senate Republican tax bill, CBO projects – STAT

11.8 million to lose health insurance under Senate Republican tax bill, CBO projects – STAT

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By Daniel Payne
June 29, 2025
Washington Correspondent
Daniel Payne
Daniel Payne reports on how the health industry and Washington influence and impact each other. He joined STAT in 2025 after covering health care at POLITICO. You can reach Daniel on Signal at danielp.100.
WASHINGTON — Senate Republicans’ version of President Trump’s tax bill would lead to 11.8 million people losing health insurance over the next decade, according to a new report from the Congressional Budget Office released Saturday night.
That projection suggests the Senate’s version of the party-line bill would leave nearly 1 million more people without insurance than the House’s version of the bill, underscoring concerns among some Senate Republicans that their version cuts health programs too aggressively. 
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About 1.4 million of the 11.8 million projected to lose coverage in the Senate bill are people without “satisfactory immigration status,” according to the CBO report.
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Daniel Payne
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Daniel Payne reports on how the health industry and Washington influence and impact each other. He joined STAT in 2025 after covering health care at POLITICO. You can reach Daniel on Signal at danielp.100.
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New Government Ban on Kaspersky Would Prevent Company from Updating Malware Signatures in U.S. – zetter-zeroday.com

New Government Ban on Kaspersky Would Prevent Company from Updating Malware Signatures in U.S. – zetter-zeroday.com

The U.S. government has expanded its ban on Kaspersky software in a new move aimed at getting consumers and critical infrastructure to stop using the Russian company’s software products, citing national security concerns.
The ban, using new powers granted to the U.S. Commerce Department, would prohibit the sale of Kaspersky software anywhere in the U.S. and would also prevent the company from distributing software security updates or malware signatures to customers in the U.S.
Signatures are the part of antivirus software that detect malicious threats; antivirus vendors push new signatures to customer machines often on a daily basis to keep customers protected against new malware and threats as the vendors discover them. Without the ability to update the signatures of customers in the U.S. the ability of Kaspersky software to detect threats on those systems will significantly degrade over time.
The U.S. Commerce Department announced the ban on Thursday after what it said was an “extremely thorough investigation” but did not elaborate on the nature of the investigation or what it uncovered.
“Given the Russian government’s continued offensive cyber capabilities and capacities to influence Kaspersky’s operations … we have to take the significant measure of a full prohibition if we’re going to protect Americans and their personal data,” U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo told reporters in a phone call. “Russia has shown it has the capacity and, even more than that, the intent to exploit Russian companies like Kaspersky to collect and weaponize the personal information of Americans, and that’s why we are compelled to take the action that we’re taking today.”
Asked what evidence the government found to support concerns that the Russian government is using Kaspersky software to spy on customers, Raimondo and other government officials on the call declined to provide specifics.
“In terms of specific … instances of the Russian government using [Kaspersky software to spy] we generally know that the Russian government uses whatever resources available to perpetrate various malicious cyber activities,” one senior Commerce official said on background. “We do not name any particular actions in this final determination, but we certainly believe that it’s more than just a theoretical threat that we describe.”
The ban will not go into effect until September 29 to give existing Kaspersky customers in the U.S time to find a replacement for their antivirus software. The ban on new sales of Kaspersky software in the U.S., however, goes into effect on July 20th. Sellers and resellers who violate the ban could be subject to fines from the Commerce Department and potentially criminal action.
In addition to the ban, the Commerce Department also put three Kaspersky entities on its trade-restrictions entities list, which would prohibit U.S.-based suppliers from selling to Kaspersky, though it’s unclear if Kaspersky currently has U.S. suppliers.
A Kaspersky spokesman said the company’s U.S. business currently amounts to “just under 10% of the company’s total revenue.” The company’s total revenue last year was $721 million. There are “more than a million endpoints protected by Kaspersky solutions in the U.S.,” he said.
The company, in a statement sent to Zero Day, accuses the Commerce Department of making its decision “based on the present geopolitical climate and theoretical concerns, rather than on a comprehensive evaluation of the integrity of Kaspersky’s products and services.” He said the company “intends to pursue all legally available options” to challenge the ban.
“We … will continue to defend ourselves against actions that seek to unfairly harm our reputation and commercial interests,” he said in an email. 
The Department of Homeland Security had previously issued a directive in 2017 banning federal government agencies and departments from installing Kaspersky software on their systems. DHS had also not cited any specific justification for its ban at the time, but media reports citing anonymous government officials at the time cited two incidents. According to one story, an NSA contractor developing offensive hacking tools for the spy agency had Kaspersky software installed on his home computer where he was developing the NSA tools, and the software detected the source code as malicious and extracted it from the computer, as antivirus software is designed to do. A second story claimed that Israeli spies caught Russian government hackers using Kaspersky software to search customer systems for files containing U.S. secrets.
Kaspersky denied that anyone used its software to explicitly search for secret information on customer machines and said that the tools detected on the NSA worker’s machine were detected in the same way that all antivirus software is designed to detect malware on customer machines and quarantine or extract it for analysis. Once Kaspersky discovered that the code its antivirus software detected on the NSA worker’s machine was not actually malware but appeared to be source code in development by the U.S. government for its hacking operations, CEO Eugene Kaspersky says he ordered workers to delete the code.
Following the 2017 DHS directive, Best Buy and other commercial computer sellers that had contracts with Kaspersky to sell computers with Kaspersky antivirus software pre-installed on those systems subsequently announced they would no longer install the software on computers they sold. This didn’t, however, put an end to existing customers using Kaspersky software or prevent new customers from purchasing the software on their own.
Today’s ban is designed to convince those customers to stop using the software as well.
“When Americans have software from companies owned or controlled by countries of concern – such as Russia, such as China – integrated into their systems, it makes all Americans vulnerable,” Raimondo told reporters. “Those countries can use their authority over those companies to abuse that software to access and potentially exploit sensitive U.S. technology and data.”
In announcing the move, Raimondo emphasized that users of the software will not face legal penalties for continuing to use Kaspersky products. But the government has already launched an aggressive education campaign designed to discourage them from using Kaspersky she said.
“U.S. individuals and businesses that continue to use or have existing Kaspersky products and services are not in violation of the law,” Raimondo said. “However, I would encourage you in as strong as possible terms to immediately stop using that software and switch to an alternative in order to protect yourself and your data and your family.”
It’s not clear how large Kaspersky’s U.S. customer base is. The Commerce Department said the company’s business in the U.S. is “significant” but did not release any numbers to reporters.
Jake Williams, founder of the security firm Rendition Infosec and a former NSA hacker, told Zero Day that the ban on Kaspersky software could prove problematic for critical infrastructures that have the software embedded in devices and can’t easily swap it out in the time frame set by Commerce.
“I’m less concerned about your average user who has a Kaspersky antivirus running on their endpoint than somebody who has it running in a security appliance like a router or firewall,” he says. “They can’t easily swap that out. I know I’ve seen Kaspersky embedded on an ATM.”
He notes that the time frame for updating embedded devices is usually “measured in years not months. And some of them never get updated.”
He says that anyone using an embedded device that has Kaspersky installed on it will have to rely on the maker of that device to provide an updated system that doesn’t use Kaspersky, which will force customers to replace their hardware device.
“You and I both know that’s not going to happen in a lot of situations,” he says. “So they will likely [continue] to run [those devices} without security” once Kaspersky stops providing updates for its software to U.S. customers.
Kaspersky’s spokesman noted that the ban on the sale of the company’s software does not extend to its threat intelligence reports, which it can still sell to U.S. customers. But he said that the ban will likely impact international cooperation between cybersecurity experts. Kaspersky for years has collaborated with security firms and law enforcement agencies in the U.S. to help fight cybercrime and nation-state threats, sharing data and intelligence about known threats. He noted that the new ban “will restrict those efforts,” but didn’t elaborate on whether the company will completely halt this cooperation going forward.
Updated 3:27 pm PST: To add comment from Kaspersky.
Updated 6.28.23; To add information about Kaspersky’s current earnings in the U.S. market.
See Also:
How Russian Firm Might Have Siphoned Tools from the NSA

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Trump agenda survives key Senate vote but final outcome still uncertain – USA Today

Trump agenda survives key Senate vote but final outcome still uncertain – USA Today

WASHINGTON – The Senate voted to begin a marathon debate about President Donald Trump’s package of legislative priorities − stuffed with tax cuts, Medicaid reforms and border security funding – despite lingering Republican concerns about the legislation.
Majority Leader John Thune, R-South Dakota, has said he is uncertain whether enough Republicans will support their version to send it back to the House.
“We’ll find out,” Thune said.
But the 51-49 vote to proceed signals that there is enough GOP support to at least begin the hours-long debate and expected voting on dozens of amendments.
GOP Sens. Rand Paul of Kentucky and Thom Tillis of North Carolina each voted against debating the bill as written.
The vote that began at 7:30 p.m. EDT was held open for more than three hours as Thune scrambled to find a majority of votes to kickstart the debate.
If the Senate is ultimately successful, the House would have to vote on the upper chamber’s changes in order to reach Trump’s desk by his self-imposed deadline of July 4. The Senate has trimmed the House version from about 1,100 pages to 940 − and still faces votes on what are expected to be dozens of amendments.
The success of Trump’s domestic agenda for tax cuts and border security hangs in the balance. Republican approval of the spending blueprint would allow a majority of the 100-member Senate to approve all of Trump’s priorities included in it through legislation later in the year, rather than needing 60 votes to overcome a filibuster for each measure.
Here’s what we know about the legislative package:
With little fanfare, the Senate began voting at about 7:30 p.m. EDT on whether to begin the debate on Trump’s legislative package.
Majority Leader John Thune, R-South Dakota, simply asked the Senate to vote on a motion to begin debating the bill.
The move came after hours of inaction – interrupted by the occasional speech – since the Senate gaveled into action at 2 p.m.
– Bart Jansen
The vote was close enough and important enough that a Nevada senator voted despite testing positive for COVID-19.
“After experiencing mild symptoms, I have tested positive for COVID,” Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto, D-Nevada, said in a social media post. “I’ll continue to follow my doctor’s guidelines and wear a mask while voting this weekend.”– Bart Jansen
Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, agreed to drop a contentious provision for public land sales from the legislative package.
Environmental groups had criticized the provision for opening lands to logging and oil, gas and coal production. A fellow Republican, Sen. Tim Sheehy of Montana, threatened to vote against the bill unless the provision was removed, which could have scuttled the entire bill.
Lee announced on social media that he wasn’t able to secure safeguards that the land must be sold to Americans rather than the Chinese or investors.
“I continue to believe the federal government owns far too much land – land it is mismanaging and in many cases ruining for the next generation,” Lee said.
– Bart Jansen
Trump criticized Sen. Thom Tillis of North Carolina, one of three Republicans to vote against debating the legislation, as “making a BIG MISTAKE.”
Tillis had voiced concern about steeper Medicaid cuts in the Senate version of the bill than in the House version, and said he would have to oppose it.
But Trump noted he won the state in three presidential elections in the Tarheel State, where Tillis faces reelection next year. Trump highlighted provisions in the legislation to eliminate taxes on tips, overtime and Social Security. He argued taxes will rise if 2017 tax cuts aren’t extended, and that the country needs to increase the limit on borrowing.
“Thom Tillis is making a BIG MISTAKE for America, and the Wonderful People of North Carolina!” Trump said in a post June 28 on social media.
In another post, Trump said he would be meeting with “numerous people” who have asked to run in the GOP primary against Tillis. Trump said he is “looking for someone who will properly represent the Great people of North Carolina.”
Bart Jansen
Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-New York, forced Senate clerks to read the entire bill out loud, further delaying the start of debate on the bill.
While typically a formality, Schumer objected to waiving the reading of the bill. His objection forced clerks to read the 940-page document.
Then senators will begin hours of debate followed by hours of voting. A vote on final passage could come June 30.
Bart Jansen
South Dakota GOP Sen. Mike Rounds told CNN that he thinks Republicans will ultimately have the votes to begin the floor debate but were working on ensuring commitments for concerned GOP lawmakers that they’ll get the chance to offer amendments to address their issues.
“No cause for alarm,” Rounds said, adding that the lengthy delay from the plan to have a 4 p.m. EDT opening procedural vote stemmed from the wait for the Congressional Budget Office to analyze late changes to the Senate bill. Looking ahead, Rounds outlined a floor plan that would start with Democrats forcing a full reading of the 990-page bill, something the Republican said he hoped they would not do so that congressional staff can go home for the night and get rest before resuming debate on June 29.
Once the floor debate begins, Rounds said Democrats and Republicans would get 20 hours equally divided – with the GOP likely surrendering a considerable amount of that time. Only then would the Senate begin to hold what’s known as a “vote-a-rama” where they consider scores of amendments.”We’ve got a long couple of days ahead of us yet,” Rounds said. – Darren Samuelsohn
Business groups endorsed Trump’s legislative package for its anticipated economic benefits as the Senate prepared to debate it.
“This critical legislation would protect and enhance the transformative economic benefits that President Trump’s historic 2017 tax reform delivered for American businesses, workers and families,” Business Roundtable President Kristen Silverberg said. “We urge the Senate to swiftly pass this measure.” – Bart Jansen
Senate Democrats unified in opposition to the legislation plan to force the chamber’s clerk to read the entire 990-page GOP tax, policy and spending bill aloud if Republicans vote to open the floor debate.
“Future generations will be saddled with trillions in debt,” said Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-New York. “Under this draft Republicans will take food away from hungry kids to pay for tax breaks to the rich.”
Schumer’s plans mean that the Senate is sure to be in session late into the night, if not past dawn – presuming Republicans vote to begin the debate. – Darren Samuelsohn, Reuters
Billionaire Elon Musk, Trump’s former adviser on cutting government spending, fired off another set of attacks against the president’s legislative package for potentially killing millions of jobs.
Musk had quieted his harsh criticism of Trump and the legislation the week after his departure from government May 30. But he blasted the bill again as the Senate prepared to debate it.
“The latest Senate draft bill will destroy millions of jobs in America and cause immense strategic harm to our country!” Musk said June 28 on social media. “Utterly insane and destructive. It gives handouts to industries of the past while severely damaging industries of the future.”
As the Senate vote remained in limbo, Musk added another post warning the GOP of the electoral risks if they vote for the Trump-backed legislation that is not polling well with Republicans.
– Bart Jansen
Coming out of a GOP lunch June 28, Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Missouri, said he’s “under the impression” Senate leadership has the buy-in to advance Trump’s bill. But, “I’m thinking we need the VP,” he said.
Republicans need a simple 51-vote majority to pass the bill. But with a tight 53-member majority and ongoing disputes, every swing vote counts. If they hit 50, Vice President JD Vance, in his capacity as Senate president, can break the tie in Trump’s favor. –Savannah Kuchar
Environmental advocates criticized the Senate version of Trump’s legislative priorities for not just ending incentives for renewable energy but setting taxes on wind and solar power generation.
The advocacy group Natural Resources Defense Council estimated taxes on some projects could grow 50%. The bill could also trigger the largest sale of public lands in history for logging and oil, gas and coal production, according to the group.
Trump campaigned on boosting domestic energy production with the phrase “drill, baby, drill.”
“The new budget reconciliation bill text is a shocking fossil fuels industry fever dream come to life,” said Christy Goldfuss, the council’s executive director. “The bill has gone from fossil fuels boosterism to an active effort from Congress to kill wind and solar energy in the United States.” – Bart Jansen
President Donald Trump had no public events on his calendar, but he had a couple of key allies join him for golf at his Northern Virginia course: CIA Director John Ratcliffe and Republican Sens. Eric Schmitt of Missouri, Rand Paul of Kentucky and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina.
After posting a picture with Trump on the golf course, Graham added that he partnered with Trump and Paul to beat Schmitt and Ratcliffe.
“Proud to announce no casualties,” Graham wrote. “A lot of fun! Big Beautiful Bill on the way.”. – Bart Jansen
Sen. Markwayne Mullin, R-Oklahoma, a supporter of Trump’s legislative package, told reporters at the Capitol that lawmakers warning about voting against it and actually voting “no” are two different things.
Sens. Ron Johnson, R-Wisconsin; Thom Tillis, R-North Carolina; and Rand Paul, R-Kentucky, have each said they were opposed to the bill that is still changing. Sens. Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, have voiced concerns about it.
“Everybody’s got concerns, but saying you’re voting ‘no’ and when you get to the floor and voting ‘no’ is two totally different things,” Mullin said. “I don’t believe in losing and we’re going to get the votes.” – Bart Jansen
Sen. Bernie Moreno, R-Ohio, a supporter of Trump’s legislative package, said a final vote would likely come after 30 hours of “nonsense” from Democrats voting on proposals to change the contentious bill.
“It’s an absolutely historic and transformative piece of legislation that reverses four years of an assault on American workers,” Moreno said. “I want everybody watching this to remember this as you listen to probably what’s going to be 30-plus hours of complete nonsense from the other side.” – Bart Jansen
The Senate gaveled in at 2 p.m., in anticipation of beginning debate on President Trump’s legislative priorities, but lawmakers haven’t yet voted to begin talking about the measure.
A majority of senators must agree to begin debate, which can sometimes kill legislation before it begins. With 53 Republicans and 47 Democratic caucus members, just a few GOP lawmakers could prevent a debate.
But the hurdle appears a mere technicality because wavering GOP members such as Sen. Susan Collins of Maine have said she would support the debate even if not necessarily the final bill. -Bart Jansen
Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Missouri, had been one of the leading voices among Senate Republicans raising concerns about proposed cuts to Medicaid and how that would impact his largely rural state. 
But after studying the latest, finalized bill text — which delays pushing costs onto states and establishes a $25 billion rural hospital fund — Hawley said he’s a yes on passing the bill. 
Beyond this weekend’s vote, though, Hawley said he intends to keep pushing back in effort to prevent the delayed federal spending cuts from ever going into effect. 
“This has been an unhappy episode, here in Congress, this effort to cut to Medicaid,” he said. “And I think, frankly, my party needs to do some soul searching.” — Savannah Kuchar
Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, said she’ll support Senate leadership bringing the mega bill to the floor and kicking off presumably hours of debate. But she cautioned reporters that she remains uncertain how she’ll side when a final vote gets called.
“That does not, in any way, predict how I’m going to vote on the final passage,” Collins told reporters while walking into the Capitol for the start of the day’s events.
Collins said her final vote ultimately will depend on what the bill looks like after lawmakers — including herself — introduce and potentially tack on further amendments.
“There’s some very good changes that have been made in the latest version, but I want to see further changes,” Collins said. – Savannah Kuchar
The largest provisions in the legislation would extend expiring tax cuts and create a few new ones, and a dramatic increasing in spending on border security.
Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky, a Republican holdout on the bill, said he wouldn’t vote for the bill unless the debt limit gets a separate vote. But Republican leaders want to keep the unpopular vote within the overall package. −Bart Jansen
Republican support in the Senate waned after Parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough ruled several significant provisions would have to be removed to avoid a filibuster.
Republicans removed provisions to curb environmental regulationsrestrict federal judges’ powers; bulk up immigration enforcement; and cut funding from a consumer protection agency.
MacDonough also ruled against provisions that aimed to reduce Medicaid spending on health care programs for undocumented immigrants. −Bart Jansen
The Trump administration “strongly supports” the Senate version of the bill, in a White House Office of Management and Budget statement June 28.
The statement isn’t intended to favor the Senate version over the House version on any particular provision, but to signal Trump would sign it if approved by Congress. The two-page statement highlighted provisions for tax cuts, border security, energy and defense.
“President Trump is committed to keeping his promises, and failure to pass this bill would be the ultimate betrayal,” the statement said. −Bart Jansen
Trump has told congressional Republicans he’s want this thing wrapped up by Independence Day.
But the due date is less procedural than it is political. The sooner the president can tout legislation that makes good on several of his 2024 campaign promises, including a tax limit on tips and overtime wages, plus extends his 2017 tax cuts for high-income earners, the better.
The more impending deadlines are sometime in August, when Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has said the federal government is at risk of hitting its debt ceiling, and the end of the year, when Trump’s first-term tax cuts are set to expire. The legislation up for a vote in the Senate currently contains a provision to raise the debt limit.− Savannah Kuchar

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BigQuery documentation – Google Cloud

BigQuery documentation – Google Cloud

BigQuery is Google Cloud’s fully managed, petabyte-scale, and cost-effective analytics data warehouse that lets you run analytics over vast amounts of data in near real time. With BigQuery, there’s no infrastructure to set up or manage, letting you focus on finding meaningful insights using GoogleSQL and taking advantage of flexible pricing models across on-demand and flat-rate options. Learn more
Access 20+ free products for common use cases, including AI APIs, VMs, data warehouses, and more.
Quickstarts: Console, Command line, or Client libraries
Creating and using tables
Introduction to partitioned tables
Introduction to BigQuery ML
Predefined roles and permissions
Introduction to loading data
Loading CSV data from Cloud Storage
Exporting table data
Create machine learning models in BigQuery ML
Querying external data sources
Introduction to vector search
Functions in GoogleSQL
Operators in GoogleSQL
Conditional expressions in GoogleSQL
Date functions in GoogleSQL
Query syntax in GoogleSQL
String functions in GoogleSQL
Using the bq command-line tool
End-to-end journey for machine learning models
BigQuery API Client Libraries
Creating and training models
Public datasets
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Locations
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Quotas and limits
Controlling costs
Creating custom cost controls
Troubleshooting BigQuery quota errors
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Deploy and use a sample data warehouse with BigQuery.
Learn best practices for extracting, transforming, and loading your data into Google Cloud with BigQuery.
Learn to create a data processing pipeline using Apache Spark with Dataproc on Google Cloud. It is a common use case in data science and data engineering to read data from one storage location, perform transformations on it and write it into another storage location.
Learn how to query, ingest, optimize, visualize, and even build machine learning models in SQL inside of BigQuery.
Get repeatable, scalable, and valuable insights into your data by learning how to query it using BigQuery.
Experiment with different model types in BigQuery Machine Learning, and learn what makes a good model.
Learn patterns and recommendations for transitioning your on-premises data warehouse to BigQuery.

Migration Patterns BigQuery

Use the BigQuery Python client library and Pandas in a Jupyter notebook to visualize data in a BigQuery sample table.
Create credentials with Drive and BigQuery API scopes.
Create a BigQuery client using application default credentials.
Create a BigQuery client using a service account key file.
Working with BigQuery with the Google Cloud Python client library
Samples for the Node.js client library sfor BigQuery
A simple C# program and code snippets for interacting with BigQuery
This API Showcase demonstrates how to run an App Engine standard environment application with dependencies on both BigQuery and Cloud Monitoring.
Browse all samples for BigQuery
Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Last updated 2025-06-27 UTC.

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It's time we paid more attention to depression in fathers. – Psychology Today

It's time we paid more attention to depression in fathers. – Psychology Today

The brightest way to shine is by being fully, imperfectly yourself.
Self Tests are all about you. Are you outgoing or introverted? Are you a narcissist? Does perfectionism hold you back? Find out the answers to these questions and more with Psychology Today.
Posted | Reviewed by Jessica Schrader
Over recent years, more and more attention has been given to postpartum and peripartum depression. As mothers have begun to share their stories more openly—and tragedies involving postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis have been covered with more nuance in the news media—the broader discussion has very likely led to increased awareness and more people being connected to the help they need.
But conversations about parental mental health shouldn’t stop with mothers, and they shouldn’t stop as the baby grows older. In fact, new research suggests that when a father experiences depression, the effects on his children can be pervasive.
The study, led by Kristine Schmitz at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, appeared recently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study was analyzed, which included a random sample of births among 20 large American metropolises from 1998 to 2000. That original study is ongoing and continues to track the child and parent participants.
In the most recent research, 1,422 children and their fathers were studied. The majority of these families did not involve married parents, though 74% of the fathers lived with their children at least half the time. When the children in the study were 5, their fathers were screened for depressive symptomology. This was done using the WHO’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) Version 1.0, a highly valid and reliable tool that uses the criteria for a depressive episode as laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders. Four years later, those same children were assessed by their teachers on a number of measures, including behavioral assessments and ADHD measures.
With socioeconomic factors and maternal depression controlled for, children of depressed fathers were more likely to have oppositional behavior (including defiance and anger) and hyperactive symptoms (including restlessness). On average, those children had an 11% lower social skills score than the children of dads who had not had depressive symptoms four years before. And the children of depressed dads had a 25% higher score on problematic behaviors.
Of course, as always, correlation does not equal causation. Might the children have simply inherited a tendency toward depression and it was showing up already in the form of their behavioral disruption and restlessness?
It is also worth noting that several years elapsed between the fathers rating their depression symptomology and the children’s behavior being assessed. Was it not the depression itself but rather something ensuing over the course of those years that led to the children’s relatively heightened struggles?
Notably, that premise central to this whole discussion—that the ripple effects of parental depression can be wide, and it’s not just depression itself that can be harmful in parenting, but rather the mechanisms that it may spur into motion. Perhaps depression makes fathers more emotionally distant, more short-tempered, less likely to initiate physical affection, or less likely to initiate time together. Perhaps children pick up on more threat and negativity in the world at large when their parents are more prone to seeing it that way. Perhaps fathers who are depressed interact with the world differently, and so neighbors, community members, teachers, and extended family are less likely to be as involved and supportive with the child’s life. Perhaps depressed fathers are more prone to use certain types of punishment that can increase aggression and behavioral problems in their kids. The possibilities of the mechanism are numerous, but the connection between paternal depression and childhood behavior is strong.
And now, with classroom disruptions, and childhood mental health issues as a whole showing no signs of abating, it’s more important than ever to explore the specifics of the connection—and not shy away from the conversation.
Andrea Bonior, Ph.D., is a clinical psychologist and speaker on the faculty of Georgetown University. She is the author of Detox Your Thoughts: Quit Negative Self-Talk for Good and Discover the Life You’ve Always Wanted.
Get the help you need from a therapist near you–a FREE service from Psychology Today.
Psychology Today © 2025 Sussex Publishers, LLC
The brightest way to shine is by being fully, imperfectly yourself.
Self Tests are all about you. Are you outgoing or introverted? Are you a narcissist? Does perfectionism hold you back? Find out the answers to these questions and more with Psychology Today.

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